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Services

Levels of Editing Offered

PROOFREADING

For clean, error-free writing.

  • Grammar, spelling, and punctuation

  • Minor corrections to phrasing

  • Basic consistency checks (capitalisation, abbreviations, number formatting style)

COPYEDITING

For clarity, fluency, and precision.

  • Word choice and concision

  • Sentence-level clarity

  • Tone and register

  • Consistency (terminology, abbreviations…)

  • Readability and flow

  • Adherence to academic writing norms and cultural conventions at the sentence level (tone, phrasing…)

SUBSTANTIVE/STRUCTURAL EDITING

For texts that need greater improvement.

  • Internal paragraph structure and logical flow

  • Structural organisation and coherence across the entire text

  • Strengthening of argument clarity and effectiveness

  • Identifying where claims need support or citations

  • Ensuring cohesion and narrative clarity across the whole text

  • Adherence to cultural conventions and expectations at the structural/argument level (expectations of English-language journals for argument structure and flow, how to build a clear academic narrative according to conventions)

ADDITIONAL SERVICES

  • Formatting (according to journal or university guidelines)

  • Reference and citation checks (consistency, accuracy, correct matching of in-text citations and reference list)

  • Comments on how to improve academic writing skills

  • Word count reduction (to align to word limits)

  • Language polishing for multilingual authors (cultural conventions and nuances, idiomatic usage, natural academic phrasing)

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