Services
Levels of Editing Offered
PROOFREADING
For clean, error-free writing.
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Grammar, spelling, and punctuation
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Minor corrections to phrasing
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Basic consistency checks (capitalisation, abbreviations, number formatting style)
COPYEDITING
For clarity, fluency, and precision.
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Word choice and concision
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Sentence-level clarity
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Tone and register
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Consistency (terminology, abbreviations…)
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Readability and flow
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Adherence to academic writing norms and cultural conventions at the sentence level (tone, phrasing…)
SUBSTANTIVE/STRUCTURAL EDITING
For texts that need greater improvement.
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Internal paragraph structure and logical flow
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Structural organisation and coherence across the entire text
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Strengthening of argument clarity and effectiveness
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Identifying where claims need support or citations
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Ensuring cohesion and narrative clarity across the whole text
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Adherence to cultural conventions and expectations at the structural/argument level (expectations of English-language journals for argument structure and flow, how to build a clear academic narrative according to conventions)
ADDITIONAL SERVICES
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Formatting (according to journal or university guidelines)
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Reference and citation checks (consistency, accuracy, correct matching of in-text citations and reference list)
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Comments on how to improve academic writing skills
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Word count reduction (to align to word limits)
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Language polishing for multilingual authors (cultural conventions and nuances, idiomatic usage, natural academic phrasing)